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ansible安装介绍

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安装

yum 源安装

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# yum 安装ansible
$ yum -y install epel-release 
$ yum -y install ansible
...
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                            Architecture                          Version                                       Repository                               Size
======================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ansible                                            noarch                                1:7.7.0-1.el9                                 epel                                     34 M
Installing dependencies:
 ansible-core                                       aarch64                               1:2.14.18-2.el9                               appstream                               2.6 M
 git-core                                           aarch64                               2.47.3-1.el9                                  appstream                               4.8 M
 less                                               aarch64                               590-6.el9                                     baseos                                  161 k
 python3-cffi                                       aarch64                               1.14.5-5.el9                                  baseos                                  257 k
 python3-cryptography                               aarch64                               36.0.1-5.el9                                  baseos                                  1.2 M
 python3-packaging                                  noarch                                20.9-5.el9                                    appstream                                77 k
 python3-ply                                        noarch                                3.11-14.el9                                   baseos                                  106 k
 python3-pycparser                                  noarch                                2.20-6.el9                                    baseos                                  135 k
 python3-pyparsing                                  noarch                                2.4.7-9.el9                                   baseos                                  150 k
 python3-pyyaml                                     aarch64                               5.4.1-6.el9                                   baseos                                  199 k
 python3-resolvelib                                 noarch                                0.5.4-5.el9                                   appstream                                34 k
 python3-setuptools                                 noarch                                53.0.0-15.el9                                 baseos                                  936 k
 sshpass                                            aarch64                               1.09-4.el9                                    appstream                                27 k
...
# 确认安装
$ ansible --version
ansible [core 2.14.18]
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ansible
  ansible collection location = /root/.ansible/collections:/usr/share/ansible/collections
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.9.23 (main, Aug 19 2025, 00:00:00) [GCC 11.5.0 20240719 (Red Hat 11.5.0-11)] (/usr/bin/python3)
  jinja version = 3.1.2
  libyaml = True

另外的安装方式：

ansible使用

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# 指定哪些主机，通过什么模块（shell/copy/ping等）, 执行什么命令
$ ansible $host_pattern -m $module_name -a $args
-m MODULE_NAME, --module-name MODULE_NAME
-a MODULE_ARGS, --args MODULE_ARGS


# 可以提前做好各个机器的免密，也可以在执行的过程中，手动指定用户名和密钥文件
# 比如： -u root --private-key=~/.ssh/id_rsa
-u REMOTE_USER, --user REMOTE_USER
--private-key PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, --key-file PRIVATE_KEY_FILE

主机清单文件

本案例以/etc/ansible/hosts 为例

  • 默认配置文件：/etc/ansible/hosts
  • 通过命令指定：-i INVENTORY, --inventory INVENTORY, --inventory-file INVENTORY /opt/hosts
  • 通过env指定：ANSIBLE_INVENTORY=/opt/hosts

demo:

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[prod]
192.168.139.61

[dev]
dev-[00:100].zmq100.cn
dev.zmq100.cn
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.4

ansible简单测试

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# ping测试
$ ansible prod -m ping 
192.168.139.61 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

# 执行shell
$ ansible prod -m shell -a 'curl -s https://www.httpbin.org/status/418'
192.168.139.61 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

    -=[ teapot ]=-

       _...._
     .'  _ _ `.
    | ."` ^ `". _,
    \_;`"---"`|//
      |       ;/
      \_     _/
        `"""`

# 拷贝文件
$ ansible prod -m copy -a 'src=./src.txt dest=/root backup=yes'
192.168.139.61 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
    "dest": "/root/src.txt",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 0,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1764766526.6254685-1030-4635454059232/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

ansible-playbook测试

查看GitHub社区

https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples

  • 查看支持的模块： ansible-doc -l
    • -l, --list List available plugins.
  • 查看模块用法：ansible-doc -v ping
    • -v, --verbose Causes Ansible to print more debug messages.

yaml清单

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- name: copy_test
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: copy_file
      copy:
        src: /root/src.txt
        dest: /root
        owner: root
        group: root
        mode: '0644'

执行测试

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$ ansible-playbook -C a.yaml
  -C, --check           don't make any changes;

$ ansible-playbook  a.yaml
PLAY [copy_test] **********************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************
ok: [192.168.139.61]
TASK [copy_file] **********************************
ok: [192.168.139.61]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************
192.168.139.61             : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0